When encountering a fire, the most important thing is to stay calm and know how to escape safely. Below are the basic knowledge and skills needed to escape when a fire occurs.
1. Identify the situation and alarm Identify the situation: When detecting smoke, fire or hearing a fire alarm, quickly identify the source of the danger and assess the situation. Alarm: Activate the building's fire alarm system if available. Immediately call the fire department at 114 in Vietnam, providing accurate information about the location and status of the fire.
2. Use initial fire fighting equipment Fire extinguisher: If the fire is small and you can approach safely, use a fire extinguisher. Remember the PASS rule: Pull: Pull the safety pin. Aim: Point the nozzle at the base of the fire. Squeeze: Squeeze the trigger to spray the extinguishing agent. Sweep: Sweep horizontally from side to side until the fire is out. Fire hose: If a fire hose is available and you are trained to use it, open the valve and spray water at the base of the fire.
3. Escape safely Identify the exits: Always know the location of the nearest exits, fire escapes and emergency exits. When you hear a fire alarm, move quickly but calmly following the instructions on the exit signs. Stay low: If there is smoke, crouch or crawl close to the floor to avoid breathing in toxic smoke. Smoke tends to gather at the top, so the air near the floor will be cleaner. Use a wet towel: If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to filter out smoke and toxins in the air. Do not use the elevator: In the event of a fire, never use an elevator as it may get stuck or have a power outage. Use the stairs. Check the door: Before opening the door, check the temperature of the door with the back of your hand. If the door is hot, do not open it and find another way out. If the door is not hot, open it slowly to avoid a sudden blast of smoke or fire.
4. If trapped Signal your location: If you cannot escape, signal your location by calling the fire department, or waving a towel from the window to attract attention. Block the smoke: Use a wet towel or wet cloth to block the cracks in the door, preventing smoke from entering. If possible, move to a room with a window to escape or make it easier for the fire department to find you. Stay calm: Try to stay calm and find a way to protect yourself from smoke and fire until the rescue team arrives.
5. Basic first aid skills First aid for smoke inhalation: Move the victim away from the smoky area, let them lie in a comfortable position and keep their airway clear. Call emergency services immediately. First aid for burns: Cool the burned area with cool water (not ice) for at least 10-20 minutes. Then, cover the burned area with a clean bandage. Do not use oil, cream or any substance on the burned area. Conclusion Basic knowledge of how to escape in case of fire is very important, helping to protect lives and minimize damage. Always be prepared, master the basic skills and rules to respond promptly and safely when encountering a fire. This not only protects yourself but also helps protect those around you
